Mathematical Methods · sampling · manipulative

Bigger n does not fix a biased method

The hidden group never answers. Convenience samples miss them, so every mean sits high. Random samples swarm around the true μ — and tighten as n grows.

easy to reach hidden group true μ

Population (who is out there)

Sample means x̄

Last sample is highlighted on top · n recomputes from the stored draws

Sampler

8

Working